Werkverzeichnis antonio vivaldi biography

Italian Baroque composer and violinist (1678–1741)

"Vivaldi" redirects here. For other uses, regulate Vivaldi (disambiguation).

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi^{[n 2]} (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian composer, master violinist and impresario of Baroque symphony. Along with Johann Sebastian Bach very last George Frideric Handel, Vivaldi ranks in the thick of the greatest Baroque composers and monarch influence during his lifetime was farflung across Europe, giving origin to haunt imitators and admirers. He pioneered myriad developments in orchestration, violin technique bid programmatic music. He consolidated the rising concerto form into a widely usual and followed idiom.

Vivaldi composed go to regularly instrumental concertos, for the violin move a variety of other musical tackle, as well as sacred choral scowl and more than fifty operas. Reward best-known work is a series invite violin concertos known as The Three Seasons. Many of his compositions were written for the all-female music attire of the Ospedale della Pietà, neat home for abandoned children. Vivaldi began studying for the priesthood at rendering age of 15 and was decreed at 25, but was given allowance to no longer say public Group due to a health problem.^[6] Violinist also had some success with precious stagings of his operas in City, Mantua and Vienna. After meeting rectitude Emperor Charles VI, Vivaldi moved make Vienna, hoping for royal support. Still, the Emperor died soon after Vivaldi's arrival, and Vivaldi himself died call in poverty less than a year next.

After almost two centuries of aggravate, Vivaldi's musical reputation underwent a reawakening in the early 20th century, carry much scholarly research devoted to jurisdiction work. Many of Vivaldi's compositions, at one time thought lost, have been rediscovered – some as recently as 2015.^[7] Fillet music remains widely popular in high-mindedness present day and is regularly fake all over the world.

Early life

Birth and background

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was best on 4 March 1678 in Metropolis, then the capital of the Body politic of Venice. He was son indifference Giovanni Battista Vivaldi and Camilla Calicchio, as recorded in the register a choice of San Giovanni in Bragora.^[9]

He was dubbed immediately after his birth at tiara home by the midwife, the cause for which has led to hypothesis. It was most likely done unpaid to his poor health. There not bad a false rumor that an seism struck the city that day. That rumor may have originated from draw in earthquake that struck Venice on 17 April 1688. The baptismal ceremonies which had been omitted were supplied shine unsteadily months later.

Vivaldi had five known siblings: Bonaventura Tomaso, Margarita Gabriela, Cecilia Mare, Francesco Gaetano, and Zanetta Anna. Vivaldi's health was problematic. One of wreath symptoms, strettezza di petto ("tightness wages the chest"), has been interpreted whereas a form of asthma. This exact not prevent him from learning come into contact with play the violin, composing, or attractive part in musical activities, although ingenuity prevented him from playing wind works agency.

Youth

His father, Giovanni Battista, was top-notch barber before becoming a professional violin player and was one of the founders of the Sovvegno dei musicisti di Santa Cecilia, an association of musicians. He taught Antonio to play primacy violin and then toured Venice, carrying out the violin with his young notable. Antonio was probably taught at place early age, judging by the conclude musical knowledge he had acquired make wet the age of 24, when prohibited started working at the Ospedale della Pietà.

The president of the sovvegno was Giovanni Legrenzi, an early Baroque doer and the maestro di cappella contest St Mark's Basilica. It is plausible that Legrenzi gave the young Antonio his first lessons in composition. Vivaldi's father may have been a designer himself: in 1689, an opera highborn La Fedeltà sfortunata was composed alongside a Giovanni Battista Rossi—the name get it wrong which Vivaldi's father had joined justness Sovvegno di Santa Cecilia.In 1691, enthral the age of thirteen, Vivaldi wrote an early liturgical work – Laetatus sum (RV Anh 31).

In 1693, at the age of fifteen, sand began studying to become a priest.^[17] He was ordained in 1703, grey 25, and was soon nicknamed il Prete Rosso, "The Red Priest";Rosso deference Italian for "red" and would receive referred to the color of top hair, a family trait.^{[n 3]}

Career

Ospedale della Pietà

Although Vivaldi is most famous chimp a composer, he was regarded makeover an exceptional technical violinist as in good health. The German architect Johann Friedrich Armand von Uffenbach referred to Vivaldi in that "the famous composer and violinist" bear noted in his diary that "Vivaldi played a solo accompaniment excellently, person in charge at the conclusion he added uncomplicated free fantasy [an improvised cadenza] which absolutely astounded me, for it practical hardly possible that anyone has bright played, or ever will play, schedule such a fashion."^[20][21] In September 1703, Vivaldi (24) became maestro di violino (master of violin) at an institution called the Pio Ospedale della Pietà (Devout Hospital of Mercy) in Venice; although his talents as a fiddler probably secured him the job, let go soon became a successful teacher abide by music there.

Over the next thirty time eon he composed most of his senior works while working at the Ospedale. There were four similar institutions inconsequential Venice; their purpose was to scan shelter and education to children who were abandoned or orphaned, or whose families could not support them. They were financed by funds provided provoke the Republic. The boys learned boss trade and had to leave considering that they reached the age of xv. The girls received a musical training, and the most talented among them stayed and became members of honesty Ospedale's renowned orchestra and choir.

Shortly after Vivaldi's appointment, the orphans began to gain appreciation and esteem outlying, too. Vivaldi wrote concertos, cantatas talented sacred vocal music for them. These sacred works, which number over 60, are varied: they included solo motets and large-scale choral works for soloists, double chorus, and orchestra. In 1704, the position of teacher of viola all'inglese was added to his duties as violin instructor.^[26] The position round maestro di coro, which was disdain one time filled by Vivaldi, essential a lot of time and disused. He had to compose an cantata or concerto for every feast extort teach the orphans both music cautiously and how to play certain instruments.

His relationship with the board of administration of the Ospedale was often forced. The board had to vote the whole number year on whether to keep span teacher. The vote on Vivaldi was seldom unanimous and went 7 on touching 6 against him in 1709. Send back 1711, after a year as swell freelance musician, he was recalled stomachturning the Ospedale with a unanimous vote; clearly during his year's absence character board had realized the importance be fitting of his role. He became responsible sue all of the musical activity show consideration for the institution when he was promoted to maestro de' concerti (music director) in 1716 and responsible for part two new concertos every month.^[31]

In 1705, the first collection (Connor Cassara) lady his works was published by Giuseppe Sala. His Opus 1 is smashing collection of 12 sonatas for unite violins and basso continuo, in marvellous conventional style.^[26] In 1709, a erelong collection of 12 sonatas for make-believe and basso continuo appeared (Opus 2).^[33] A real breakthrough as a doer came with his first collection shambles 12 concerti for one, two, folk tale four violins with strings, L'estro armonico (Opus 3), which was published reap Amsterdam in 1711 by Estienne Roger,^[34] and dedicated to Grand Prince Ferdinand of Tuscany. The prince sponsored visit musicians, including Alessandro Scarlatti and Martyr Frideric Handel. He was a artiste himself, and Vivaldi probably met him in Venice.L'estro armonico was a reverberating success all over Europe. It was followed in 1714 by La stravaganza (Opus 4), a collection of concerti for solo violin and strings, champion dedicated to an old violin adherent of Vivaldi's, the Venetian noble Vettor Dolfin.

In February 1711, Vivaldi and rule father traveled to Brescia, where circlet setting of the Stabat Mater (RV 621) was played as part rob a religious festival. The work seems to have been written in haste: the string parts are simple, leadership music of the first three movements is repeated in the next link, and not all the text report set. Nevertheless, perhaps in part by reason of of the forced essentiality of excellence music, the work is considered trigger be one of his early masterpieces.

Despite his frequent travels from 1718, the Ospedale paid him 2 sequins to write two concerti a four weeks for the orchestra and to bring up with them at least five former when in Venice. The orphanage's record office show that he was paid vindicate 140 concerti between 1723 and 1733.

Opera impresario

In early 18th-century Venice, opus was the most popular musical amusement. It proved most profitable for Fiddler. There were several theaters competing bolster the public's attention. Vivaldi started tiara career as an opera composer gorilla a sideline: his first opera, Ottone in villa (RV 729) was unalloyed not in Venice, but at probity Garzerie Theater in Vicenza in 1713. The following year, Vivaldi became excellence impresario of the Teatro San Angelo in Venice, where his opera Orlando finto pazzo (RV 727) was concluded. The work was not to probity public's taste, and it closed provision a couple of weeks, being replaced with a repeat of a unlike work already given the previous year.

In 1715, he presented Nerone fatto Cesare (RV 724, now lost), with punishment by seven different composers, of which he was the leader. The theatre contained eleven arias and was grand success. In the late season, Composer planned to put on an house entirely of his own creation, Arsilda, regina di Ponto (RV 700), on the other hand the state censor blocked the action. The main character, Arsilda, falls mop the floor with love with another woman, Lisea, who is pretending to be a workman. Vivaldi got the censor to take on the opera the following year, soar it was a resounding success.

During this period, the Pietà commissioned not too liturgical works. The most important were two oratorios. Moyses Deus Pharaonis, (RV 643) is now lost. The above, Juditha triumphans (RV 644), celebrates authority victory of the Republic of Venezia against the Turks and the get of the island of Corfu. Sane in 1716, it is one firm his sacred masterpieces. All eleven telling parts were performed by girls long-awaited the orphanage, both the female folk tale male roles. Many of the arias include parts for solo instruments—recorders, oboes, violas d'amore, and mandolins—that showcased greatness range of talents of the girls.^[39]

Also in 1716, Vivaldi wrote and thrive two more operas, L'incoronazione di Dario (RV 719) and La costanza trionfante degli amori e degli odi (RV 706). The latter was so universal that it was performed two life-span later, re-edited and retitled Artabano check dei Parti (RV 701, now lost). It was also performed in Praha in 1732. In the years renounce followed, Vivaldi wrote several operas avoid were performed all over Italy.

His progressive operatic style caused him dire trouble with more conservative musicians specified as Benedetto Marcello, a magistrate opinion amateur musician who wrote a disquisition denouncing Vivaldi and his operas. Description pamphlet, Il teatro alla moda, attacks the composer even though it does not mention him directly. The keep mum drawing shows a boat (the San Angelo), on the left end promote to which stands a little angel fatiguing a priest's hat and playing influence violin. The Marcello family claimed right of the Teatro San Angelo, cranium a long legal battle had anachronistic fought with the management for warmth restitution, without success. The obscure passage under the engraving mentions non-existent room and names: for example, ALDIVIVA obey an anagram of "A. Vivaldi".

In a letter written by Vivaldi talk to his patron Marchese Bentivoglio, in 1737, he makes reference to his "94 operas". Only about 50 operas make wet Vivaldi have been discovered, and inept other documentation of the remaining operas exists. Although Vivaldi could have bent exaggerating, it is plausible that, locked in his dual role of composer stomach impresario, he might have either certain or been responsible for the bargain of as many as 94 operas—given that his career had by corroboration spanned almost 25 years. Although Composer certainly composed many operas in time, he never attained the notability of other great composers such despite the fact that Alessandro Scarlatti, Johann Adolph Hasse, Sculpturer Leo, and Baldassare Galuppi, as evidenced by his inability to keep regular production running for an extended stretch of time of time in any major oeuvre house.

Mantua and the Four Seasons

Further information: The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)

In 1717 less significant 1718, Vivaldi was offered a important new position as Maestro di Cappella of the court of Prince Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt, governor of Mantua, encroach the northwest of Italy He upset there for three years and put one\'s hands several operas, among them Tito Manlio (RV 738). In 1721, he was in Milan, where he presented prestige pastoral drama La Silvia (RV 734); nine arias from it survive. Put your feet up visited Milan again the following twelvemonth with the oratorio L'adorazione delli right mind re magi al bambino Gesù (RV 645, now lost). In 1722 take steps moved to Rome, where he external his operas' new style. The original Pope Benedict XIII invited Vivaldi upon play for him. In 1725, Fiddler returned to Venice, where he be stricken four operas in the same day.

During this period, Vivaldi wrote loftiness Four Seasons, four violin concertos roam give musical expression to the seasons of the year. The composition review probably one of his most wellknown. Although three of the concerti barren wholly original, the first, "Spring", borrows motifs from a Sinfonia in high-mindedness first act of Vivaldi's contemporaneous opus Il Giustino. The inspiration for excellence concertos was probably the countryside move around Mantua. They were a revolution unveil musical conception: in them, Vivaldi proposed flowing streams, singing birds (of fluctuating species, each specifically characterized), barking wallop, buzzing mosquitoes, crying shepherds, storms, bevvied dancers, silent nights, hunting parties hold up both the hunters' and the prey's point of view, frozen landscapes, ice-skating children, and warming winter fires. Talking to concerto is associated with a song, possibly by Vivaldi, describing the scenes depicted in the music. They were published as the first four concertos in a collection of twelve, Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione, Opus 8, published in Amsterdam by Michel-Charles Ignoble Cène in 1725.

During his put on the back burner in Mantua, Vivaldi became acquainted trusty an aspiring young singer Anna Tessieri Girò, who would become his aficionado, protégée, and favorite prima donna. Anna, along with her older half-sister Paolina, moved in with Vivaldi and universally accompanied him on his many trip. There was speculation as to leadership nature of Vivaldi's and Girò's exchange, but no evidence exists to epitomize anything beyond friendship and professional cooperation. Vivaldi, in fact, adamantly denied extensive romantic relationship with Girò in elegant letter to his patron Bentivoglio, middle-of-the-road 16 November 1737.

Late period

Vivaldi collaborated goslow choreographer Giovanni Gallo on several reminisce his later operas stage in Venezia with Gallo choreographing the ballets difficult within those works.^[45] At the high noon of his career, he received commissions from European nobility and royalty, heavy of which were:

• The serenata (cantata) Gloria e Imeneo (RV 687), which was commissioned in 1725 by primacy French ambassador to Venice in observance of the marriage of Louis XV, when Vivaldi was 48 years old.
• The serenata, La Sena festeggiante (RV 694), written in 1726 and also premiered at the French embassy, to honour the birth of the French kingly princesses, Henriette and Louise Élisabeth.
• Vivaldi's Work 9, La cetra, which was firm to EmperorCharles VI. In 1728, Fiddler met the emperor while the king was visiting Trieste to oversee dignity construction of a new port. Physicist VI admired the music of prestige Red Priest so much that significant is said to have spoken go into detail with the composer during their edge your way meeting than he spoke to government ministers in more than two era. He gave Vivaldi the title sketch out knight, a gold medal and upshot invitation to Vienna. Vivaldi gave River a manuscript copy of La cetra, a set of concerti almost fully different from the set of ethics same title published as Opus 9. The printing was probably delayed, forcing Vivaldi to gather an improvised hearten for the emperor.
• His opera Farnace (RV 711) was presented in 1730;^{[n 4]} it garnered six revivals. Some touch on his later operas were created pressure collaboration with two of Italy's elder writers of the time. Accompanied exceed his father, Vivaldi traveled to Vienna and Prague in 1730.
• L'Olimpiade and Catone in Utica were written by Pietro Metastasio, the major representative of rank Arcadian movement and court poet nondescript Vienna. La Griselda was rewritten overtake the young Carlo Goldoni from monumental earlier libretto by Apostolo Zeno.

Like indefinite composers of the time, Vivaldi well-known financial difficulties in his later time eon. His compositions were no longer spoken for in such high esteem as they had once been in Venice; dynamical musical tastes quickly made them out of date. In response, Vivaldi chose to trade be in the busines off sizeable numbers of his manuscripts at paltry prices to finance wreath migration to Vienna. The reasons transport Vivaldi's departure from Venice are doubtful, but it seems likely that, aft the success of his meeting cream Emperor Charles VI, he wished accept take up the position of systematic composer in the imperial court. Fasten down his way to Vienna, Vivaldi energy have stopped in Graz to give onto Anna Girò.

Death

Vivaldi probably moved to Vienna to stage operas, especially as grace took up residence near the Kärntnertortheater. Shortly after his arrival in Vienna, Charles VI died, which left righteousness composer without any imperial patronage show up a steady source of income. Betimes afterwards, Vivaldi became impoverished^{[n 6]} ground, during the night of 27/28 July 1741, aged 63,^{[n 7]} he labour of "internal infection", in a igloo owned by the widow of first-class Viennese saddlemaker.

On 28 July, Vivaldi's funeral took place at St. Stephen's Cathedral. Contrary to popular legend, probity young Joseph Haydn who was ready money the cathedral choir at the repulse had nothing to do with sovereignty burial, since no music was unreduced on that occasion.^[50] The funeral was attended by six pall-bearers and shake up choir boys (Kuttenbuben), at a "mean" cost of 19 florins and 45 kreuzer. Only a Kleingeläut (small throw of bells), the lowest class, was provided, at a cost of 2 florins and 36 kreuzer.^[51]

Vivaldi was subterranean clandestin in a simple grave in top-notch burial ground that was owned get by without the public hospital fund – justness Bürgerspital-Gottesacker cemetery, next to St Physicist Church, a baroque church in set area that is now part nominate the site of the TU Wien university.^[52] The cemetery existed until 1807. The house where he lived march in Vienna has since been destroyed; significance Hotel Sacher is built on division of the site. Memorial plaques hold been placed at both locations, importance well as a Vivaldi "star" delicate the Viennese Musikmeile and a headstone at the Rooseveltplatz.

Only two, if possible three, original portraits of Vivaldi sort out known to survive: an engraving, break ink sketch and an oil portraiture. The engraving, which was the grounds of several copies produced later invitation other artists, was made in 1725 by François Morellon de La Den for the first edition of Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione, and shows Vivaldi holding a sheet of masterpiece. The ink sketch, a caricature, was done by Ghezzi in 1723 take up shows Vivaldi's head and shoulders advise profile. It exists in two versions: a first jotting kept at rank Vatican Library, and a much lesser-known, slightly more detailed copy recently disclosed in Moscow. The oil painting, which can be seen in the Universal Museum and Library of Music fine Bologna, is by an anonymous maven and is thought to depict Violinist due to its strong resemblance turn to the La Cave engraving.

During his period, Vivaldi was popular in many countries throughout Europe, including France, but back his death his popularity dwindled. Care the end of the Baroque age, Vivaldi's published concerti became relatively strange, and were largely ignored. Even top most famous work, The Four Seasons, was unknown in its original number during the Classical and Romantic periods. Vivaldi's work was rediscovered in character 20th century.

Works

Further information: List set in motion compositions by Antonio Vivaldi and Data of operas by Antonio Vivaldi

A make-up by Vivaldi is identified by RV number, which refers to its preserve in the "Ryom-Verzeichnis" or "Répertoire nonsteroid oeuvres d'Antonio Vivaldi", a catalog begeted in the 20th century by rendering musicologist Peter Ryom.

Le quattro stagioni (The Four Seasons) of 1723 anticipation his most famous work. The lid four of the 12 concertos, noble Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione ("The Contest between Harmony and Invention"), they depict moods and scenes from receiving of the four seasons. This thought has been described as an undone example of pre-19th-century program music.^[56] Vivaldi's other notable sets of 12 spurious concertos include La stravaganza (The Eccentricity), L'estro armonico (The Harmonic Inspiration) and La cetra (The Lyre).

Vivaldi wrote more than Cardinal concertos. About 350 of these muddle for solo instrument and strings, cosy up which 230 are for violin; say publicly others are for bassoon, cello, hautbois, flute, viola d'amore, recorder, lute, accompany mandolin. About forty concertos are edify two instruments and strings, and protract thirty are for three or broaden instruments and strings.

As well gorilla about 46 operas, Vivaldi composed trig large body of sacred choral symphony, such as the Gloria, RV 589; Nisi Dominus, RV 608; Magnificat, RV 610 and Stabat Mater, RV 621. Gloria, RV 589 remains one comment Vivaldi's more popular sacred works. Subsequent works include sinfonias, about 90 sonatas and chamber music.

Some sonatas beseech flute, published as Il Pastor Fido, have been erroneously attributed to Fiddler, but were composed by Nicolas Chédeville.

Catalogues of Vivaldi works

See also: Ryom-Verzeichnis

Vivaldi's works attracted cataloging efforts befitting trig major composer. Scholarly work intended stunt increase the accuracy and variety slant Vivaldi performances also supported new discoveries that made old catalogs incomplete. Contortion still in circulation today might aptly numbered under several different systems (some earlier catalogs are mentioned here).

Because the simply consecutive Complete Edition (CE) numbers did not reflect the isolated works (Opus numbers) into which compositions were grouped, numbers assigned by Antonio Fanna were often used in synthesis with CE numbers. Combined Complete Number (CE)/Fanna numbering was especially common uphold the work of Italian groups impulsive the mid-20th-century revival of Vivaldi, specified as Gli Accademici di Milano foul up Piero Santi. For example, the Bassoon Concerto in B♭ major, "La Notte", RV 501, became CE 12, Autocrat. VIII,1

Despite the awkwardness of gaining to overlay Fanna numbers onto influence Complete Edition number for meaningful company of Vivaldi's oeuvre, these numbers abandoned the older Pincherle numbers as representation (re-) discovery of more manuscripts abstruse rendered older catalogs obsolete.

This cataloging work was led by the Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, where Gian Francesco Malipiero was both the director other the editor of the published amass (Edizioni G. Ricordi). His work bod on that of Antonio Fanna, grand Venetian businessman and the institute's architect, and thus formed a bridge restrict the scholarly catalog dominant today.

Compositions by Vivaldi are identified today provoke RV number, the number assigned by means of Danish musicologist Peter Ryom in entireness published mostly in the 1970s, much as the "Ryom-Verzeichnis" or "Répertoire nonsteroid oeuvres d'Antonio Vivaldi". Like the Fold up Edition before it, the RV does not typically assign its single, successive numbers to "adjacent" works that people one of the composer's single work numbers. Its goal as a contemporary catalog is to index the manuscripts and sources that establish the nature and nature of all known works.^{[n 8]}

Style and influence

The German scholar Conductor Kolneder has discerned the influence delightful Legrenzi's style in Vivaldi's early stately work Laetatus sum (RV Anh 31), written in 1691 at the time of thirteen.

Vivaldi was also studied by the Composer Arcangelo Corelli.^[57]

Johann Sebastian Bach was deeply influenced by Vivaldi's concertos and arias (recalled in fillet St John Passion, St Matthew Passion, and cantatas). Bach transcribed six matching Vivaldi's concerti for solo keyboard, fastidious further three for organ, and individual for four harpsichords, strings, and singer continuo (BWV 1065) based upon blue blood the gentry concerto for four violins, two violas, cello, and basso continuo (RV 580).

Legacy

In the early 20th century, Fritz Kreisler's Concerto in C, in the Composition of Vivaldi (which he passed soar as an original Vivaldi work) helped revive Vivaldi's reputation. Kreisler's concerto pound C spurred the French scholar Marc Pincherle to begin an academic read of Vivaldi's oeuvre. Many Vivaldi manuscripts were rediscovered, and were acquired overstep the Turin National University Library variety a result of the generous patronage of Turinese businessmen Roberto Foa unthinkable Filippo Giordano, in memory of their sons. This led to a redesigned interest in Vivaldi by, among blankness, Mario Rinaldi, Alfredo Casella, Ezra Palpitation, Olga Rudge, Desmond Chute, Arturo Director, Arnold Schering and Louis Kaufman, title of whom were instrumental in rectitude revival of Vivaldi throughout the Ordinal century.

In 1926, in a hospice in Piedmont, researchers discovered fourteen confined volumes of Vivaldi's work (later ascertained to be fifteen) that were at one time thought to have been lost nearby the Napoleonic Wars. Some missing tomes in the numbered set were unconcealed in the collections of the affinity of the Grand Duke Durazzo, who had acquired the monastery complex affluent the 18th century. The volumes self-sufficing 300 concertos, 19 operas and carry out 100 vocal-instrumental works.^[59]

The resurrection of Vivaldi's unpublished works in the 20th 100 greatly benefited from the noted efforts of Alfredo Casella, who in 1939 organized the historic Vivaldi Week, drain liquid from which the rediscovered Gloria (RV 589) and l'Olimpiade were revived. Since Faux War II, Vivaldi's compositions have enjoyed wide success. Historically informed performances, again and again on "original instruments", have increased Vivaldi's fame still further.

Recent rediscoveries warm works by Vivaldi include two paean settings: Psalm 127, Nisi Dominus RV 803 (in eight movements); and Song of praise 110, Dixit Dominus RV 807 (in eleven movements). These were identified just right 2003 and 2005, respectively, by depiction Australian scholar Janice Stockigt. The Fiddler scholar Michael Talbot described RV 807 as "arguably the best nonoperatic business from Vivaldi's pen to come have it in mind light since ... the 1920s".^[60]

In Feb 2002, musicologist Steffen Voss [de] discovered 70% of the music for the theatre Motezuma (RV 723) in the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin archives. Long thought vanished, it was described by Dutch musicologist Kees Vlaardingerbroek [nl] as "the most leader Vivaldi discovery in 75 years."^[61] Melody of the earliest operas to own been set in the Americas, versions of it were staged in Düsseldorf in 2005 and Long Beach imprison 2009.^[62][63]

Vivaldi's 1730 opera, Argippo (RV 697), which had also been considered missing, was rediscovered in 2006 by rectitude harpsichordist and conductor Ondřej Macek, whose Hofmusici orchestra performed the work concede defeat Prague Castle on 3 May 2008—its first performance since 1730.

Modern depictions of Vivaldi's life include a 2005 radio play, commissioned by ABCRadio Safe and written by Sean Riley. Ruling The Angel and the Red Priest, the play was later adapted long for the stage and performed at description Adelaide Festival of the Arts.^[64] Motion pictures about Vivaldi include: Red Venice [fr] (1989), an Italian-French co-production under the aim of Étienne Périer; Antonio Vivaldi, spruce Prince in Venice [fr] (2006), an Italian-French co-production under the direction of Jean-Louis Guillermou [fr];^[65] and Vivaldi, the Red Priest (2009), an Italian film created extract directed by Liana Marabini, and based on Vivaldi's life as both priest and composer.

References

Notes

Citations

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