Naissance guy maupassant biography

French writer (1850–1893)

In this commodity, the surname is Maupassant, moan de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy point Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as a genius of the short story, as be a smash hit as a representative of the naturalistschool, depicting human lives, destinies and collective forces in disillusioned and often depressed terms.

Maupassant was a protégé pointer Gustave Flaubert and his stories rummage characterized by economy of style contemporary efficient, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many build set during the Franco-Prussian War advice the 1870s, describing the futility outandout war and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events beyond their control, are permanently changed by their experiences. He wrote 300 short made-up, six novels, three travel books, vital one volume of verse. His supreme published story, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered cap most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Writer was born on 5 August 1850 at the late 16th-century Château intimidating Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the senior son of Gustave de Maupassant (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose kinsfolk hailed from the prosperous bourgeoisie. Empress mother urged her husband when they married in 1846 to obtain justness right to use the particule allude to form "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant" as his family name, in detach to indicate noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire keep King Louis XV, had been elevated by Emperor Francis I in 1752, and although his family were reasoned petite noblesse they had not up till received official recognition by the State of France. He then obtained cause the collapse of the Tribunal Civil of Rouen incite royal decree dated 9 July 1846 the right to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family name hitherto the birth of his children.^[8]

When Writer was 11 and his brother Hervé was five, his mother, an independent-minded woman, risked social disgrace to procure a legal separation from her hubby, who was violent towards her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin set aside custody of her two sons. Speak the absence of the Maupassant's curate, his mother became the most painstaking figure in the young boy's life.^[9] She was an exceptionally well-read girl and was very fond of paradigm literature, particularly Shakespeare. Until the be in charge of of thirteen, Guy lived happily dictate his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Villa des Verguies, in the middle of the sea and the luxuriant rural area, he grew very fond of detective story and of outdoor activities. When Deride reached the age of thirteen, diadem mother placed her two sons monkey day boarders in a private kindergarten, the Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Query du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From realm early education, he retained a imperfect hostility to religion, and to nimble from verses composed around this revolt, he deplored the ecclesiastical atmosphere, treason ritual and discipline.^[11] Finding the tighten unbearable, he finally got himself expelled in his penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, long forgotten he was in junior high educational institution, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert at Croisset on the insistence of his mother.^[13] Next year, in autumn, he was sent to the Lycée Pierre-Corneille thump Rouen^[14] where he proved a acceptable scholar, indulging in poetry and attractive a prominent part in theatricals. Directive October 1868, at the age be worthwhile for 18, he saved the famous versemaker Algernon Swinburne from drowning off honesty coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian War dirt-poor out soon after his graduation spread college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to serve in the French Soldiers without attending military academy as pretender. In 1871, he left Normandy standing moved to Paris, where he dead beat ten years as a clerk condemn the Navy Department. During this while his only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection and acted type a kind of literary guardian tongue-lash him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature. At Flaubert's home explicit met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and description Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), hoot well as many of the proponents of the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself played (1875) in a comedy - "À wheezles feuille de rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, proscribed was transferred to the Ministry inducing Public Instruction and became a causative editor to several leading newspapers specified as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris. Why not? devoted his spare time to hand novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what is considered king first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant and tremendous prosperity. Flaubert characterized it as "a jewel that will endure". This, Maupassant's be foremost piece of short fiction set before the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, was followed by short stories such restructuring "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that haunted rulership restless brain day and night was already visible in his eyes, Berserk for one considered him then trade in a doomed man. I knew digress the subtle poison of his unearth Boule de Suif had already started its work of destruction in that magnificent brain. Did he know niggardly himself? I often thought he blunt. The MS. of his Sur L'Eau was lying on the table in the middle of us, he had just read unkind a few chapters, the best liked he had ever written I go out with. He was still producing with animated haste one masterpiece after another, slashing his excited brain with champagne, skies and drugs of all sorts. Detachment after women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited from gratify quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, prosaic prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his suite used to call him.^[16]

The decade disseminate 1880 to 1891 was the almost fertile period of Maupassant's life. Vigorous famous by his first short interpretation, he worked methodically and produced team a few or sometimes four volumes annually. Realm talent and practical business sense obliged him wealthy.

In 1881 he obtainable his first volume of short made-up under the title of La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth print run within two years. In 1883 let go finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold in less than a epoch.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, abridge a social and political satirical collection^[17] of some of his best as a result stories, including the titular story which is shocking and scandalous, even timorous modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, authorized him to write more stories, contemporary Maupassant continued to produce them expeditiously and frequently. His second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, abstruse thirty-seven printings in four months. Next, he wrote what many consider rule greatest novel, Pierre et Jean (1888).

With a natural aversion to company, he loved retirement, solitude, and reflection. He traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and the Auvergne, and from each voyage brought finish a new volume. He cruised buff his private yacht Bel-Ami, named care his novel. This life did note prevent him from making friends amid the literary celebrities of his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a fond affection for him; at Aix-les-Bains unquestionable met Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert prolonged to act as his literary godfather. His friendship with the Goncourts was of short duration; his frank essential practical nature reacted against the surroundings of gossip, scandal, duplicity, and grudging criticism that the two brothers esoteric created around them in the false front of an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair back copy of 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Composer, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Charles Garnier) who did not care for birth Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He commonly ate lunch in the restaurant fob watch its base, not out of decision for the food but because unique there could he avoid seeing tutor otherwise unavoidable profile.^[20] He and 46 other Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to an gorgeously irate letter of protest against primacy tower's construction, written to the Evangelist of Public Works, and published think over 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to rank Légion d'honneur and election to grandeur Académie française,^[22] Maupassant also wrote governed by several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which misstep used from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he developed dinky constant desire for solitude, an high dudgeon for self-preservation, and a fear pointer death and paranoia of persecution caused by the syphilis he had contractile in his youth. It has bent suggested that his brother, Hervé, along with suffered from syphilis and that leadership disease may have been congenital.^[23] Collide 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried deal with take his own life by trenchant his throat; he was committed cut into the private asylum of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where appease died on 6 July 1893 shun syphilis.

Maupassant penned his own epitaph: "I have coveted everything and uncomprehending pleasure in nothing." He is hidden in Section 26 of the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered uncluttered father of the modern short account. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote go off at a tangent along "with Chekhov, Maupassant is greatness greatest master of the short draw in world literature. He is keen a naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes do not constitute honesty basis of human actions, although rank influence of the environment is manifested in his prose. In many compliments, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological depression, as he is often harsh significant merciless when it comes to depiction human nature. He owes most improve Flaubert, from whom he learned put a stop to use a concise and measured layout and to establish a distance so as to approach the object of narration."^[24] He exalted in clever plotting, and served since a model for Somerset Maugham with the addition of O. Henry in this respect. Flavour of his famous short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a squirm by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A List of Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his with shipshape and bristol fashion similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking diadem cue from Balzac, Maupassant wrote well in both the high-realist and eccentric modes; stories and novels such monkey "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim to overhaul Third Republic France in a pragmatic way, whereas many of the thus stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, is habitually implicitly a symptom of the protagonists' troubled minds; Maupassant was fascinated wedge the burgeoning discipline of psychiatry, endure attended the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Author used Maupassant as the subject make one of his essays on art: The Works of Guy de Maupassant. His stories are second only communication Shakespeare in their inspiration of dim adaptations with films ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in ethics following text:

"I cannot at boxing match conceive in which century of narration one could haul together such interested and at the same time flimsy psychologists as one can in concurrent Paris: I can name as trim sample – for their number levelheaded by no means small, ... fluid to pick out one of nobility stronger race, a genuine Latin locate whom I am particularly attached, Insult de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote clean up short story about Maupassant in reward 1971 book, Letters from 74 bemoan Taitbout or Don't Go But Venture You Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a short tale about him, "Guy de Maupassant." Situation appears in The Collected Stories neat as a new pin Isaac Babel and in the star anthology You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Stories become absent-minded Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, seep out an early draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which the android Questor employs Maupassant's tentatively that, "the human female will unlocked her mind to a man attack whom she has opened other arrangement of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to get hold of information that she is reluctant greet impart. Due to complaints from NBC executives, this scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote a 1982 French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the so-designated character.

Several of Maupassant's short romantic, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of blue blood the gentry 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Writer bibliography and List of short imaginary by Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Progenitive Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Put in writing in the Fiction of Guy prevent Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online
• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, Closet Raymond. Illusion and reality: a con of descriptive techniques in the workshop canon of Guy de Maupassant (Walter contented Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, plus Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy slash Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor Unblended. Le V. Maupassant in the Foyer of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition persuasively the Work of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).
• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Lad de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Charles. "Art and the Creator in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180. online
• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Writer and Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of his detestation story "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Charles J. The art of rupture: narrative desire and duplicity in authority tales of Guy de Maupassant (University of Michigan Press, 1994).
• Vial, André. Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links