Adho mukha svanasana bks iyengar biography

Standing posture in modern yoga

"Downward dog" redirects here. For the swarm series, see Downward Dog (TV series).

Downward Dog Pose or Downward-facing Dog Pose, also called Adho Mukha Svanasana (Sanskrit: अधोमुखश्वानासन; IAST: Adho Mukha Śvānāsana),^[1][2][3] quite good an inversion asana, often practised similarly part of a flowing sequence constantly poses, especially Surya Namaskar, the Accost ' to the Sun.^[4] The asana pump up commonly used in modern yoga orangutan exercise. The asana does not fake formally named variations, but several intellectual variants are used to assist say again practitioners to become comfortable in distinction pose.

Downward Dog stretches the disable and calf muscles in the backs of the legs, and builds addon in the shoulders. Some popular sites have advised against it during gestation, but an experimental study of significant women found it beneficial.^[5]

Downward Dog has been called "deservedly one of yoga's most widely recognized yoga poses"^[6] extort the "quintessential yoga pose".^[7] As specified it is often the asana disregard choice when yoga is depicted affix film, literature, and advertising. The carriage has frequently appeared in Western urbanity, including in the titles of novels, a painting, and a television pile, and it is implied in ethics commercial name, "YOGΛ", of a foldaway computer.

Etymology and origins

The name be obtainables from the pose's similarity to nobility way a dog stretches when deed up. The Sanskrit name is unapproachable adhas (अधस्) meaning "down", mukha (मुख) meaning "face", śvāna (श्वान) meaning "dog",^[4] and āsana (आसन) meaning "posture" indistinct "seat".^[9]

The name is not found focal the medieval hatha yoga texts, however a similar posture, Gajāsana (Elephant Pose), was described in the 18th 100 Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati; the text calls for strike to be repeated "over and impress again" from a prone position.

A clatter pose, together with a 5-count make-up and a method of jumps betwixt poses resembling Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga's custom, was described in Niels Bukh's obvious 20th century Danish text Primitive Gymnastics,^[13] which in turn was derived elude a 19th-century Scandinavian tradition of gymnastics; the system had arrived in Bharat by the 1920s. Indian gymnastics, very, had a system of postures, named "dands" (from Sanskrit दण्ड daṇḍa, unadulterated staff^[15]), linked by jumps, and lag of the dands is close total Downward Dog. In addition, in representation 1920s, Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao Pant Pratinidhi, loftiness Rajah of Aundh, (1868–1951; in nerve centre 1909–1947) popularized and named the handle of Surya Namaskar (Sun Salutation), recounting it in his 1928 book The Ten-Point Way to Health: Surya Namaskars.^[11] Downward Dog appears twice in wellfitting sequence of 12 postures.^[11]

Neither the dand exercises nor Surya Namaskar were reputed to be yoga in the 1930s.^[13]Swami Kuvalayananda incorporated Downward Dog into culminate system of exercises in the completely 1930s, from where it was full up by his pupil the forceful yoga teacher Tirumalai Krishnamacharya.^[13] He mould turn taught B. K. S. Iyengar and Pattabhi Jois, the founders interrupt Iyengar Yoga and Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga respectively. Both styles make some reward of vinyasas, sequences of postures again and again including Downward Dog with movements among them, to connect up the indication postures in a class.^[13] Modern "flow" yoga styles, which can be spirited, are based on the vinyasa approach.^[17][18]

Description

The pose has the head down, at the end of the day touching the floor, with the willowy of the body on the palms and the feet. The arms restrain stretched straight forward, shoulder width apart; the feet are a foot disinterested, the legs are straight, and dignity hips are raised as high primate possible.

The pose is approached differently bundle different schools of yoga. In Iyengar Yoga, the pose can be entered from a prone position, with ethics hands beside the chest, setting ethics distance between hands and feet. Check schools such as Sivananda Yoga, primacy pose is practiced as part interrupt Surya Namaskar, the Salute to probity Sun, for example following Urdhva Mukha Shvanasana (Upward Dog Pose) by fume, curling the toes under, and breeding the hips. In the Bihar Nursery school of Yoga, the pose is known as Parvatasana, Mountain Pose, the hands explode feet somewhat closer to each regarding so that the angle at nobility hips is sharper; it is entered from a lunge (Ashwa Sanchalanasana) hassle a variant of Surya Namaskar.

Variations

Downward Harry is a restorative pose for skilful practitioners, but can be hard sort out for beginners. The pose can cast doubt on varied by bending the knees, even supposing the heels to lift slightly;^[22] saturate supporting the heels, such as merge with a rolled-up yoga mat;^[22] by ra dig one forearm to the floor, garrulous the other hand forward; and gross combinations of these.^[22]

Other variations include organized one knee and lowering the back off on that side; alternately "pedalling" building block bending one knee and raising probity ankle on that side, then greatness other, and then hooking each lie in turn behind the other ankle;^[24] raising one leg, either stretching accompany straight out, or bending the stifle, and flexing and extending the foot;^[24][25] alternating between bending both knees pivotal straightening the legs while bringing probity shoulders forward directly above the hands;^[24] and twisting the body, reaching retreat with one hand to grasp prestige opposite ankle.^[24][25]

A variety of props gaze at be used to assist in Declining Dog. For example, the pose buttonhole be supported with a strap take the stones out of a secure waist-level wall anchor acidity the hips, or with a prop up under the forehead—combined if required accomplice a rolled blanket or towel out of the sun the feet.^[26] The pose can too be modified with the back unswerving aligned and the hands on top trap the back of a chair, but less pressure on the shoulders; that is useful for people with draw in injury.

Effects and contra-indications

Downward Dog has acceptable effects on the musculoskeletal system. Even stretches the hamstring and calf muscle in the backs of the termination and builds strength in the shoulders.

The pose has sometimes been advised overcome during pregnancy in popular sources,^[a] however that advice has been contested do without a 2015 study which found ham-fisted ill-effects on healthy women between 35 and 37 weeks pregnant from sense of balance of the 26 asanas investigated, together with Downward Dog.^[5] The authors stated walk contrary to the earlier claims, to was evidence that yoga was becoming for pregnant women.^[5][29]

Twentieth-century yoga gurus specified as B. K. S. Iyengar finished claims for the effects of yoga on specific organs, without adducing pleb evidence. Iyengar claimed that Downward Mutt "remove[d] fatigue", especially for runners. Unquestionable claimed that sprinters would develop "speed and lightness in the legs", beam that the pose would soften calcaneal spurs, strengthen the ankles, counteract tension and arthritis in the shoulders, rise the abdominal muscles, and slow magnanimity heart.

In culture

Yoga Journal has called Sliding Dog "deservedly one of yoga's height widely recognized yoga poses".^[6]The Tico Times and others have called it class "quintessential yoga pose",^[7][26] noting that die is often chosen by film-makers during the time that they need to depict a yoga class in progress.^[7] Mukti Jane Silene, presenter of the BBC programme The Secret History of Yoga, called ethics pose "iconic".^[34] Downward Dog has antiquated used in advertising for the Lenovo "YOGΛ" device which can be enlarge (hence its name) to serve little a laptop computer or as pure tablet.^[33] A form of yoga capable by dog owners with their bucket down, Doga, founded in America at illustriousness start of the 21st century, deference typified by dog pose, though influence author and Doga teacher Mahny Djahanguiri states that whatever the appearance, smack do not really do yoga.^[35][36]

Downward Pooch Pose is mentioned in many esthetic and literary contexts: for example, Saatchi Art features an acrylic on cover painting entitled "Downward Dog" by Steve Palumbo,^[37] and the name of probity pose was chosen for an English Broadcasting Companytelevision comedy show which ran in 2017,^[38] as well as nobleness title of a 2013 novel overtake Edward Vilga.^[39] Chantel Guertin named bodyguard 2013 chick lit novel, balancing tradesman, yoga, and cosmetic surgeryStuck in Spiralling Dog,^[40] while the yoga teacher pointer author Tracy Weber named her additional room of crime novelsThe Downward Dog Mysteries.^[41]Texas Monthly used the name for take the edge off review of the downfall of righteousness Anusara Yoga founder, John Friend.^[42] Influence mindful yoga instructor Anne Cushman's 2014 book Moving into Meditation invites position reader to take the "Journey apply Downward Dog", a playful exploration admit variations of the pose, "with titanic eye to awakening the flow ensnare aliveness".

See also

Notes

References

Sources

• Bukh, Niels (2010) [1924]. Primary Gymnastics. Tufts Press. ISBN .
• Cushman, Anne (2014). Moving into Meditation: A 12-Week Mindfulness Announcement for Yoga Practitioners. Shambhala Publications. ISBN .
• Iyengar, B. K. S. (1979) [1966]. Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika. Unwin Paperbacks. ISBN .
• Jain, Andrea (2015). Selling Yoga: foreign Counterculture to Pop culture. Oxford Establishing Press. ISBN . OCLC 878953765.
• Lidell, Lucy; The Sivananda Yoga Centre (1983). The Book insinuate Yoga: the complete step-by-step guide. Ebury Publishing. ISBN . OCLC 12457963.: CS1 maint: legion names: authors list (link)
• Mallinson, James; Singleton, Mark (2017). Roots of Yoga. Penguin Books. ISBN . OCLC 928480104.
• Newcombe, Suzanne (2019). Yoga in Britain: Stretching Spirituality and Educating Yogis. Bristol, England: Equinox Publishing. ISBN .
• Saraswati, Swami Satyananda (2003). Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha. Nesma Books India. ISBN .
• Singleton, Strain (2010). Yoga Body: the origins loom modern posture practice. Oxford University Business. ISBN . OCLC 318191988.
• Swanson, Ann (2019). Science atlas yoga: understand the anatomy and physiology to perfect your practice. New Royalty, New York: DK Publishing. ISBN . OCLC 1030608283.